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Oracle9i Database Performance Planning
Release 2 (9.2)

Part Number A96532-01
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Preface

This book describes ways to improve Oracle performance by starting with good application design and using statistics to monitor application performance. It explains the Oracle Performance Improvement Method, as welll as emergency performance techniques for dealing with performance problems.

This preface contains these topics:

Audience

Oracle9i Database Performance Planning is a high-level aid for people responsible for the operation, maintenance, and performance of Oracle. To use this book, you could be a database administrator, application designer, programmer, or manager. You should be familiar with Oracle9i, the operating system, and application design before reading this manual.

Organization

This document contains:

Chapter 1, "Designing and Developing for Performance"

This chapter describes performance issues to consider when designing Oracle applications.

Chapter 2, "Monitoring and Improving Application Performance"

This chapter describes the Oracle Performance Improvement Method and the importance of statistics for application performance improvements.

Chapter 3, "Emergency Performance Techniques"

This chapter describes techniques for dealing with performance emergencies.

Related Documentation

Before reading this manual, you should have already read Oracle9i Database Concepts, the Oracle9i Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals, and the Oracle9i Database Administrator's Guide.

For more information about Oracle Enterprise Manager and its optional applications, see Oracle Enterprise Manager Concepts Guide and Oracle Enterprise Manager Administrator's Guide.

For more information about tuning the Oracle Application Server, see the Oracle Application Server Performance and Tuning Guide.

Many of the examples in this book use the sample schemas of the seed database, which is installed by default when you install Oracle. Refer to Oracle9i Sample Schemas for information on how these schemas were created and how you can use them yourself.

In North America, printed documentation is available for sale in the Oracle Store at

http://oraclestore.oracle.com/

Customers in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) can purchase documentation from

http://www.oraclebookshop.com/

Other customers can contact their Oracle representative to purchase printed documentation.

To download free release notes, installation documentation, white papers, or other collateral, please visit the Oracle Technology Network (OTN). You must register online before using OTN; registration is free and can be done at

http://otn.oracle.com/admin/account/membership.html

If you already have a username and password for OTN, then you can go directly to the documentation section of the OTN Web site at

http://otn.oracle.com/docs/index.htm

To access the database documentation search engine directly, please visit

http://tahiti.oracle.com

Conventions

This section describes the conventions used in the text and code examples of the this documentation set. It describes:

Conventions in Text

We use various conventions in text to help you more quickly identify special terms. The following table describes those conventions and provides examples of their use.

Convention Meaning Example

Bold

Bold typeface indicates terms that are defined in the text or terms that appear in a glossary, or both.

When you specify this clause, you create an index-organized table.

Italics

Italic typeface indicates book titles, emphasis, syntax clauses, or placeholders.

Oracle9i Database Concepts

You can specify the parallel_clause.

Run Uold_release.SQL where old_release refers to the release you installed prior to upgrading.

UPPERCASE monospace (fixed-width font)

Uppercase monospace typeface indicates elements supplied by the system. Such elements include parameters, privileges, datatypes, RMAN keywords, SQL keywords, SQL*Plus or utility commands, packages and methods, as well as system-supplied column names, database objects and structures, user names, and roles.

You can specify this clause only for a NUMBER column.

You can back up the database using the BACKUP command.

Query the TABLE_NAME column in the USER_TABLES data dictionary view.

Specify the ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS parameter.

Use the DBMS_STATS.GENERATE_STATS procedure.

lowercase monospace (fixed-width font)

Lowercase monospace typeface indicates executables and sample user-supplied elements. Such elements include computer and database names, net service names, and connect identifiers, as well as user-supplied database objects and structures, column names, packages and classes, user names and roles, program units, and parameter values.

Enter sqlplus to open SQL*Plus.

The department_id, department_name, and location_id columns are in the hr.departments table.

Set the QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED initialization parameter to true.

Connect as oe user.

Conventions in Code Examples

Code examples illustrate SQL, PL/SQL, SQL*Plus, or other command-line statements. They are displayed in a monospace (fixed-width) font and separated from normal text as shown in this example:

SELECT username FROM dba_users WHERE username = 'MIGRATE';

The following table describes typographic conventions used in code examples and provides examples of their use.

Convention Meaning Example

[ ]

Brackets enclose one or more optional items. Do not enter the brackets.

DECIMAL (digits [ , precision ])

{ }

Braces enclose two or more items, one of which is required. Do not enter the braces.

{ENABLE | DISABLE}

|

A vertical bar represents a choice of two or more options within brackets or braces. Enter one of the options. Do not enter the vertical bar.

{ENABLE | DISABLE}

[COMPRESS | NOCOMPRESS]

...

Horizontal ellipsis points indicate either:

  • That we have omitted parts of the code that are not directly related to the example
  • That you can repeat a portion of the code

CREATE TABLE ... AS subquery;

SELECT col1, col2, ... , coln FROM employees;

 .
 .
 .

Vertical ellipsis points indicate that we have omitted several lines of code not directly related to the example.

SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$DATAFILE;
NAME
------------------------------------
/fsl/dbs/tbs_01.dbf
/fs1/dbs/tbs_02.dbf
.
.
.
/fsl/dbs/tbs_09.dbf
9 rows selected.

Other notation

You must enter symbols other than brackets, braces, vertical bars, and ellipsis points as it is shown.

acctbal NUMBER(11,2);

acct CONSTANT NUMBER(4) := 3;

Italics

Italicized text indicates variables for which you must supply particular values.

CONNECT SYSTEM/system_password

UPPERCASE

Uppercase typeface indicates elements supplied by the system. We show these terms in uppercase in order to distinguish them from terms you define. Unless terms appear in brackets, enter them in the order and with the spelling shown. However, because these terms are not case sensitive, you can enter them in lowercase.

SELECT last_name, employee_id FROM employees;

SELECT * FROM USER_TABLES;

DROP TABLE hr.employees;

lowercase

Lowercase typeface indicates programmatic elements that you supply. For example, lowercase indicates names of tables, columns, or files.

SELECT last_name, employee_id FROM employees;

sqlplus hr/hr

Documentation Accessibility

Our goal is to make Oracle products, services, and supporting documentation accessible, with good usability, to the disabled community. To that end, our documentation includes features that make information available to users of assistive technology. This documentation is available in HTML format, and contains markup to facilitate access by the disabled community. Standards will continue to evolve over time, and Oracle Corporation is actively engaged with other market-leading technology vendors to address technical obstacles so that our documentation can be accessible to all of our customers. For additional information, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program Web site at

http://www.oracle.com/accessibility/

Accessibility of Code Examples in Documentation

JAWS, a Windows screen reader, may not always correctly read the code examples in this document. The conventions for writing code require that closing braces should appear on an otherwise empty line; however, JAWS may not always read a line of text that consists solely of a bracket or brace.

Accessibility of Links to External Web Sites in Documentation

This documentation may contain links to Web sites of other companies or organizations that Oracle Corporation does not own or control. Oracle Corporation neither evaluates nor makes any representations regarding the accessibility of these Web sites.


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